tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-83034803825349046472024-02-20T02:08:30.674-08:00CIKGU SHAHRULCIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.comBlogger52125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-42028655217259191602012-03-26T21:21:00.002-07:002012-03-26T21:22:36.344-07:00Selamat kembali Ke sekolahSelamat kembali ke sekolah selepas seminggu bercuti......<br />teruskan perjuangan menuntut ilmu....CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-20138150831076651482012-03-11T23:53:00.002-07:002012-03-11T23:59:12.719-07:00Tugasan Masa Cuti - 9 Mac hingga 18 Mac 2012Salam 1 malaysia,<br /><br />Kepada semua pelajar kelas ICT<span style="font-weight: bold;"> tingkatan 4iT tahun 2012</span>, sila selesaikan tugasan ni sebelum sesi sekolah bermula. Tulis jawapan anda dalam buku NOTA.<br /><br />1. Senaraikan 10 jenis processor yang anda tahu<br />2. Senaraikan 5 application software open source yang anda tahu.<br />3. Senaraikan 5 application software proprietary yang anda tahu.<br />4. Senaraikan 5 utility software yang anda tahu.<br />5. Senaraikan 3 web browser software yang anda tahu.<br /><br />Tulis jawapan anda dalam buku nota. Saya akan semak pada hari <span style="font-weight: bold;">ISNIN 19 MAC 2012</span>.<br /><br />Semoga berjaya. <span style="font-weight: bold;">JANGAN MENIRU.</span><br /><br /><br />.CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-68337245603065135282012-01-23T21:04:00.001-08:002012-01-23T21:04:29.997-08:00Tugasan Masa Cuti Raya Cina 23 Januari - 29 Januari 2012<h3 class="post-title entry-title"><br /></h3> <div class="post-header"> </div> <b>Answer all question ( in English)</b><br />- reply the answer through email and write down in your notebook<br />- all answer must have point + explanation + example to get a full mark.<br />- this task will count into your Ujian 1 carry mark.<br /><br /><br /><b>1. Describe three advantages of Internet in daily life.<br />2. Describe three disadvantages of Internet in daily life.<br />3. Give three advantages using social networking such as Facebook to a community<br />4. Give three disadvantages using social networking such as Facebook to a community</b>CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-58756168616413566332010-09-21T05:21:00.000-07:002010-09-24T09:07:28.000-07:00Soalan Trial ICT 2010Update<br /><br />Soalan dari Negeri Sembilan<br /><a href="http://www.sendspace.com/file/nd14jm">http://www.sendspace.com/file/nd14jm<br /></a><br />Soalan dari Negeri Pahang<br /><a href="http://www.sendspace.com/file/jqy9rn">http://www.sendspace.com/file/jqy9rn</a><br /><br />Soalan dari Negeri Perlis<br /><a href="http://www.sendspace.com/file/hc0t7v">http://www.sendspace.com/file/hc0t7v</a><br /><br />Soalan dari Negeri Kelantan<br /><a href="http://www.sendspace.com/file/zgo53u">http://www.sendspace.com/file/zgo53u</a><br /><br />Soalan dari Negeri Kedah<br /><a href="http://www.sendspace.com/file/61nrpe">http://www.sendspace.com/file/61nrpe</a><br /><br />akan dimuatnaik dari masa ke semasa. Jika tuan-tuan ada koleksi, silalah berkongsi untuk kebaikan bersama.CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-33755110919542490482010-08-08T18:15:00.000-07:002010-08-08T18:17:54.948-07:00Network Topology Assignment<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CUser%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C02%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:2138599848; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-120825222 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l0:level2 {mso-level-legal-format:yes; mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\."; mso-level-tab-stop:60.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:60.0pt; text-indent:-24.0pt;} @list l0:level3 {mso-level-legal-format:yes; mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\."; mso-level-tab-stop:1.25in; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:1.25in; text-indent:-.5in;} @list l0:level4 {mso-level-legal-format:yes; mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\."; mso-level-tab-stop:1.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:1.5in; text-indent:-.5in;} @list l0:level5 {mso-level-legal-format:yes; mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\."; mso-level-tab-stop:2.0in; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:2.0in; text-indent:-.75in;} @list l0:level6 {mso-level-legal-format:yes; mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.%6\."; mso-level-tab-stop:2.25in; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:2.25in; text-indent:-.75in;} @list l0:level7 {mso-level-legal-format:yes; mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.%6\.%7\."; mso-level-tab-stop:2.75in; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:2.75in; text-indent:-1.0in;} @list l0:level8 {mso-level-legal-format:yes; mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.%6\.%7\.%8\."; mso-level-tab-stop:3.0in; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:3.0in; text-indent:-1.0in;} @list l0:level9 {mso-level-legal-format:yes; mso-level-text:"%1\.%2\.%3\.%4\.%5\.%6\.%7\.%8\.%9\."; mso-level-tab-stop:3.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:3.5in; text-indent:-1.25in;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal">Network Topology</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>
<br /></o:p></p><ol style="margin-top: 0in;" start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-weight: bold;">Introduction</span> </li></ol> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">1.1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Definition network</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">1.2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Definition computer network</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">1.3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Definition communication</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">1.4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Definition analog signal (diagram + explaination )</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">1.5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Definition digital signal (diagram + explaination )</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <ol style="margin-top: 0in; font-weight: bold;" start="2" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="">Network Topology</li></ol> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">2.1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Definition Network Topology</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">2.2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Types of network topology</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <ol style="margin-top: 0in; font-weight: bold;" start="3" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="">Star Topology</li></ol> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">3.1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Definition star topology</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">3.2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Diagram</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">3.3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Description </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">3.4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Advantages – 3 example </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">3.5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Disadvantages – 3 example </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <ol style="margin-top: 0in; font-weight: bold;" start="4" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="">Ring Topology</li></ol> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">4.1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Definition ring topology</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">4.2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Diagram</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">4.3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Description </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">4.4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Advantages – 3 example </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">4.5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Disadvantages – 3 example </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <ol style="margin-top: 0in; font-weight: bold;" start="5" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="">Bus Topology</li></ol> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">5.1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Definition bus topology</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">5.2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Diagram</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">5.3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Description </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">5.4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Advantages – 3 example </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 60pt; text-indent: -24pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="">5.5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Disadvantages – 3 example </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <ol style="margin-top: 0in;" start="6" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-weight: bold;">Conclusion</span> ( the best topology and why?)</li><li class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold;">Reference</li></ol> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>Tarikh hantar :
<br /></o:p></p><p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p>Group A : 18 Ogos</o:p></p><p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p>Group B : 19 Ogos</o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>.
<br /></o:p></p> CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-28850023727595523042010-06-03T20:34:00.000-07:002010-06-03T20:39:21.878-07:00Assignment Waktu Cuti Tingkatan 5 i dan 5t<span style="font-weight: bold;">Tajuk : Prospek pendidikan selepas sekolah di IPTA dan IPTS dalam bidang ICT </span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Arahan :</span><br />Anda diminta untuk mencari dan mengenal pasti prospek pendidikan selepas SPM yang ditawarkan oleh 5 IPTA dan 5 IPTS dalam bidang ICT.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Anda dikehendaki mendapatkan (bagi setiap satu IPT)</span><br />1. nama kurus yang ditawarkan<br />2. Nama IPTA dan IPTS tersebut<br />3. Kandungan kursus (mata pelajaran atau subjek sepanjang pengajian)<br />4. syarat kelayakan masuk<br />5. tempoh belajar<br />6. taraf diploma atau ijazah<br />7. peluang kerjaya yang akan diperolehi selepas tamat pengajian.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Format :</span><br />Buat dalam bentuk folio<br />tiada had muka surat<br />markah akan dikira untuk Peperiksaan<br /><br />Selamat menjalankan kerja kursus sambil bercuti..................<br /><br /><br />.CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-78915443613138123662010-05-11T20:46:00.000-07:002010-05-11T20:58:09.275-07:00Latest Development in Network & Communication - AssignmentWritten Assignemnt<br /><br />1. Introduction<br /> 1.1. Definition Network<br /> 1.2. Definition Communication<br /><br />2. Mobile Computing<br /> 2.1. Definition Mobile Computing<br /> 2.2. Example of device<br /> 2.3. Specification of device selected<br /> 2.4. Service or Special Features of device<br /> 2.5. Frequencies of device<br /><br />3. Internet Technology and Services<br /> 3.1. VoIP<br /> 3.1.1. Definition VoIP<br /> 3.1.2. Function<br /> 3.1.3. Diagram<br /><br /> 3.2. Blog<br /> 3.2.1. Definition Blog<br /> 3.2.2. Function<br /> 3.2.3. Picture of blog (print skrin)<br /><br />4. Types of Network<br /> 4.1. PAN<br /> 4.1.1. Definition<br /> 4.1.2. Diagram<br /><br /> 4.2. VPN <br /> 4.2.1. Definition<br /> 4.2.2. Diagram<br /><br /> 4.3. WLAN<br /> 4.3.1. Definition<br /> 4.3.2. Diagram<br /><br /> 4.4. WIMAX<br /> 4.4.1. Definition<br /> 4.4.2. Diagram<br /><br />5. Conclusion (benefit of network)<br /><br /> 6. RefferenceCIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-70035303324612216852010-04-14T00:28:00.000-07:002010-04-14T00:37:54.079-07:00Immersive Multimedia (sambungan)Lihat pada nota sebelum ini di <a href="http://cikgushahrul.blogspot.com/2008/02/immersive-multimedia.html">sini</a><br /><br />Tugasan "Scrap Book" adalah tentang Immersive Multimedia.<br />bagi pelajar2 saya, sy hanya meminta mereka memilih salah satu bidang sahaja, iaitu Immersive in Edutication ke, Business ke, Entertainmnet ke... tak kisah. Tak semestinya kena buat ketiga-tiga.<br /><br />Bagi saya, saya telah meluaskan skp Immersive tu kepada bidang yang lain seperti :<br />1. Sports<br />2. Games<br />3. Transportation<br />4. Simulator<br /><br />Jadi, pelajar saya ramai yang membuat tugasan ini dalam bidang Games, Simulator dan Sports kerana lebih mudah mendapatkan gambar dan info tentang perkara tersebut.<br /><br />Kesimpulannya, Immersive Multimedia ni boleh diringkaskan sebagai<span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"> "suatu keadaan menggunakan aplikasi komputer, skrin komputer dan perkakasan komputer yang membuatkan kita sebagai user berada seperti keadaan sebenar, mengalami seperti perkara sebenar"</span><br /><br />contoh paling hampir ialah<br />1. semua jenis simulator (ia adalah immersive)<br />2. permainan video (games) yang melibatkan alatan tambahan seperti alat sebenar (pistol, senapang, streng kereta, pedal minyak dll....)<br /><br />untuk mencari gambar ini tidak susah, gunakan elemen image pada enjin carian, tuliskan "simlator" "sport simulator" "virtual reality games"..anda akan dpt byk gambar yang berkaitan.....<br /><br />selamat berjaya<br /><br />.CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-66197257755587471742010-03-28T19:12:00.001-07:002010-03-29T18:51:13.109-07:00Form 4 Assessment - Open Source & Latest Development in ICTIni adalah tugasan anda bagi topik Computer System. Ia adalah tugasan individu yang mesti dibuat secara bertulis (berbentuk folio). Sila ikut kandungan & format yang diberikan ini.<br /><br />1. Acknowledgment<br /><br />2. Content<br /><br />3. Introduction<br /> 3.1. Definition Open Source<br /> 3.2. Definition Software<br /> 3.3. Definition Open Source Software<br /><br />4. Latest Open Source Operating System<br /> 4.1. Definition Open Source Operating System<br /> 4.2. Example + Picture + Explanation + Year - Two Example<br /><br />5. Latest Open Source Application System<br /> 5.1. Open Source Application System<br /> 5.2. Example + Picture + Explanation + Year - Two Example<br /><br />6. Latest Hardware in ICT<br /> 6.1. Example + Picture + Explanation+ Year (old hardware in same field)<br /> 6.2. Example + Picture + Explanation + Year (new hardware in same field)<br /><br />7. Latest Software in ICT<br /> 7.1. Example + Picture + Explanation + Year (old software in same field)<br /> 7.2. Example + Picture + Explanation + Year (new software in same field)<br /><br />8. Pervasive Computing<br /> 8.1 Definition Pervasive Computing<br /> 8.2. Example ( Two Example + picture + explanation)<br /><br />9. Conclusion<br /><br />10. Reference<br /><br /><br />Format penulisan :<br />1. gunakan font times new roman (size 12) atau Arial (size 11)<br />2. Paragraph spacing<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Tarikh hantar : 12 April 2010</span>CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-7429974852902635742010-03-28T19:02:00.000-07:002010-03-28T19:11:55.130-07:00Pervasive ComputingDefinition<br /><br />The idea that technology is moving beyond the personal computer to everyday devices with <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/p/embedded_system.html"></a> embedded technology and connectivity as computing devices become progressively smaller and more powerful.<br />Also called <i>ubiquitous computing<br /><br />Penerangan cikgu Shahrul :<br /></i><br />Pervasive computing ni bermaksud, teknologi komputer yang terdapat pada peralatan lain yang biasa digunakan seharian (tetapi bukan komputer)<br />Peralatan yang mempunyai mikrocip, yang mempunyai arahan yang diprogramkan juga dikenali sebagai pervasive computing.<br /><br />Antaranya ialah :<br />1. mesin basuh automatik<br />2. mp3 player<br />3. i-Pod<br />4. Smart-tag<br />5. Smart phone<br />6. Astro Decoder<br />7. GPS device<br />8. Blood pressure tester<br />8. dan lain-lain lagi................<br /><i><span style="font-style: italic;"><br /><br /><br /><br /></span></i>CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-22679875538881733712010-03-28T18:28:00.000-07:002010-03-28T19:02:12.799-07:00Open Source & Computer System<span style="font-weight: bold;">Definition Open Source</span>
<br />
<br />Generically, <i>open source</i> refers to a program in which the source code is available to the general public for use and/or modification from its original design free of charge.
<br />Open source code is typically created as a collaborative effort in which programmers improve upon the code and share the changes within the community. Open source sprouted in the technological community as a response to proprietary software owned by corporations.
<br />
<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Penerangan cikgushahrul :</span>
<br />
<br />Open source ni benda yg free, yang boleh dpt secara percuma. Biasanya ia boleh diperolehi dengan memuat turun program tersebut.
<br />
<br />Dalam dunia ICT, Open Source (sumber terbuka) boleh dikategorikan kepada beberapa kategori, antaranya <span style="font-weight: bold;">Open Source Operating System</span>, <span style="font-weight: bold;">Open Source Application System</span> dan <span style="font-weight: bold;">Open Source Utility System</span>.
<br />
<br />Jika andatelah mempelajari topik Software, anda tentu faham tentang 3 jenis software yang saya nyatakan tadi.
<br />
<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Operating System : </span>
<br />
<br />The most important program that runs on a computer.
<br />Ia adalah perisian utama yang membolehkan komputer berfungsi, tanpa Operating System, sesebuah komputer tidak akan dapat digunakan. Ia ibarat enjin bagi sesebuah kenderaan.
<br />
<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_MSev0-83Tlc/S7AI0rbAg5I/AAAAAAAAAF4/Vu_V6SXbfck/s1600/OS.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 262px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_MSev0-83Tlc/S7AI0rbAg5I/AAAAAAAAAF4/Vu_V6SXbfck/s400/OS.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5453868849847894930" border="0" /></a>
<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Application System :</span>
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<br />Programs that designed for end user (end-user program).
<br />Ia adalah perisian aplikasi, iaitu program yang kita gunakan untuk membuat sesuatu tugas.
<br />Ada beberapa jenis iaitu : Word Processing, Presentation, Database, Desktop Publishing, Web Browser dll.
<br />Application system ini juga terbahagi kepada Open Source dan Proprietary.
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<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Utility Programs :</span>
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<br />Programs that perform special task, to managing system resources.
<br />Ia adalah perisian yang khusus untuk menjalankan tugas-tugas khas. Ibaratnya adalah untuk "menjaga" komputer. Ada tiga jenis iaitu Disk Managing, Antivirus & Compression.
<br />Utility system ini juga terbahagi kepada Open Source dan Proprietary.
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<br />
<br />Lawan kepada Open Soure ialah<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Proprietary</span>, iaitu berbayar (paid software). ia bermaksud software yang dijual dan perlu dibeli jika hendak menggunakannya.
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<br /><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CUser%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"MS Mincho"; panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4; mso-font-alt:"MS 明朝"; mso-font-charset:128; mso-generic-font-family:modern; mso-font-pitch:fixed; mso-font-signature:-1610612033 1757936891 16 0 131231 0;} @font-face {font-family:"\@MS Mincho"; panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4; mso-font-charset:128; mso-generic-font-family:modern; mso-font-pitch:fixed; mso-font-signature:-1610612033 1757936891 16 0 131231 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal">
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<br />CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-40433661444383612512010-03-09T09:25:00.000-08:002010-03-09T09:58:51.721-08:00Computer Hardware<span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Input Devices</span></span>
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<br /></span><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Verdana; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1593833729 1073750107 16 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">When data is entered into the computer system, it is called an input. Input comes in various forms; texts, graphics, audio and video. Input devices are needed to input data into the computer system.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Keyboard, mouse, scanner, barcode reader and digital camera are some example of input devices.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Output</span></span>
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<br /></span><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="Edit-Time-Data" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso"><!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Verdana; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1593833729 1073750107 16 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults ext="edit" spidmax="1027"> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout ext="edit"> <o:idmap ext="edit" data="1"> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" spt="75" preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"> </v:formulas> <v:path extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" connecttype="rect"> <o:lock ext="edit" aspectratio="t"> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style="'position:absolute;"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\CAKCIBOR\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.png" title="" grayscale="t"> <w:wrap type="square"> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Output is data that has been processed into a useful form, called information. There are four types of output, which are texts, graphics, audio and video.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The text consists of characters that are used to create texts, sentences and paragraphs.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Graphics are digital representations of non text information such as drawings, charts and photographs.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Audio is music, speech or any other sound. Video consists of images that</span></span><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:12pt;" > <span style="font-size:85%;">provide the appearance of full motion</span></span>
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<br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Output Devices</span></span>
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<br /></span><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="Edit-Time-Data" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso"><!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Verdana; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1593833729 1073750107 16 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults ext="edit" spidmax="1027"> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout ext="edit"> <o:idmap ext="edit" data="1"> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" spt="75" preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"> </v:formulas> <v:path extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" connecttype="rect"> <o:lock ext="edit" aspectratio="t"> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style="'position:absolute;"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\CAKCIBOR\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.png" title="" grayscale="t"> <w:wrap type="square"> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Output is the result of raw input data that has been processed by the central processing unit into meaningful information. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Common forms of output are texts, numbers, graphics, sounds, animations and videos.The most common output devices are computer screens, speakers and printers.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" >Storage Device</span>
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<br /></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The system’s primary storage, Random Access Memory (RAM) can only hold data temporarily. Thus, secondary storage is needed to provide additional storage. The data stored in the secondary storage is considered permanent until it is deleted or removed.</span></span><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:12pt;" > <span style="font-size:85%;"></span></span><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:12pt;" ><span style="font-size:85%;">
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<br />Secondary storage can be magnetic disks and optical disks. Examples of secondary storage are hard disks, rewritable CDs and DVDs as well as removable disks such as pen drives</span></span>
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<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" >Peripheral Device
<br /></span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >External hardware devices attached to the computer are called peripheral equipments</span>
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<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" >CPU</span>
<br />
<br /></span><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="Edit-Time-Data" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso"><!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Verdana; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1593833729 1073750107 16 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults ext="edit" spidmax="1027"> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout ext="edit"> <o:idmap ext="edit" data="1"> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" spt="75" preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"> </v:formulas> <v:path extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" connecttype="rect"> <o:lock ext="edit" aspectratio="t"> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style="'position:absolute;"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\CAKCIBOR\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.png" title="" grayscale="t"> <w:wrap type="square"> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The central processing unit or the CPU is the brain of the computer. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">All processing activities are done in the CPU. It utilises the computer memory to execute instructions from the application software and accomplish a task. For example: editing a letter, drawing a picture and sorting numbers.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The processor must be connected to input devices, output devices and storage devices to carry out the above mentioned tasks.
<br /><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></p><p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;">Input</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="Edit-Time-Data" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso"><!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Verdana; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1593833729 1073750107 16 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults ext="edit" spidmax="1027"> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout ext="edit"> <o:idmap ext="edit" data="1"> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Input is any data or instructions that we enter into the computer system for processing.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">There are some common ways of feeding input data into the system, which are:</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style=""> </span>•<span style=""> </span>typing on a keyboard<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style=""> </span>•<span style=""> </span>pointing with a mouse</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CPU accepts instruction from the user and translates the instruction into readable information (decode).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /></span></p><p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;">Process</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Verdana; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1593833729 1073750107 16 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The processing unit controls all activities within the system. For every instruction, the control unit repeats a set of four basic operations called the machine cycle</span></span>
<br /><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span style="font-size:85%;">
<br />
<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" >Storage</span>
<br />
<br /></span><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Verdana; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1593833729 1073750107 16 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Storage is a location which data, instruction and information are held for future use. Every computer uses storage to hold system software and application software.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">When we issue a command to start the application software, the operating system locates the program in storage and loads it into memory.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A storage medium, also called secondary storage is the physical material in the computer that keeps data, instruction and information.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A storage device is the computer hardware that records or retrieves items to and from storage media.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span style="font-size:85%;">
<br />.
<br /></span>CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-86328152283123702162010-03-09T08:31:00.000-08:002010-03-09T08:32:16.330-08:00Computer System<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Verdana; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1593833729 1073750107 16 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal">
<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><b style=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span>
<br /></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;" >A computer system is defined as combination of components designed to process data and store files.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;" >A computer system consists of four major hardware components; input devices, output devices, processor and storage devices.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;" >A computer system requires hardware, software and a user to fully function.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;" >Software refers to set of instructions that tell the hardware what to do. Software can also have various other functions such as performing computation, communication with other software and human interaction.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;" >User refers to a person who uses the computer for any purposes such as work, business and entertainment.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">.
<br /><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-86097089192408977332010-03-09T08:21:00.000-08:002010-03-09T08:46:43.158-08:00Computer Block Cycle Diagram<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_MSev0-83Tlc/S5Z7XizwtNI/AAAAAAAAAFw/Y5f7flyy7tg/s1600-h/Diagram-_Computing_Hardware_Devices.PNG"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 180px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_MSev0-83Tlc/S5Z7XizwtNI/AAAAAAAAAFw/Y5f7flyy7tg/s320/Diagram-_Computing_Hardware_Devices.PNG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5446676443762308306" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_MSev0-83Tlc/S5Z10EGRpiI/AAAAAAAAAFo/DLTBAhKmgYk/s1600-h/howcomputerworks.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 242px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_MSev0-83Tlc/S5Z10EGRpiI/AAAAAAAAAFo/DLTBAhKmgYk/s320/howcomputerworks.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5446670336664905250" border="0" /></a>CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-12035916356753638852010-03-09T08:12:00.001-08:002010-03-09T08:19:51.161-08:00Computer<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_MSev0-83Tlc/S5Z0-FDmD_I/AAAAAAAAAFg/pM3vkrF7VJs/s1600-h/PE1300-IMAGE.gif"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 313px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_MSev0-83Tlc/S5Z0-FDmD_I/AAAAAAAAAFg/pM3vkrF7VJs/s320/PE1300-IMAGE.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5446669409209159666" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />A programmable machine. The two principal characteristics of a computer are: <menu> <li>It responds to a specific set of <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/instruction.html">instructions</a> in a well-defined manner. </li></menu> <ul><li>It can <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/execute.html">execute</a> a prerecorded list of instructions (a <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/program.html">program</a>). </li></ul> <p> Modern computers are electronic and <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/digital.html">digital</a>. The actual machinery -- wires, <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/transistor.html">transistors</a>, and circuits -- is called <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/hardware.html"><i>hardware</i></a>; the instructions and <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/data.html">data</a> are called <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/software.html"><i>software</i></a>. </p><p> All general-purpose computers require the following hardware components: </p><menu> <li><a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/memory.html"><b>memory</b></a> <b>:</b> Enables a computer to <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/store.html">store</a>, at least temporarily, data and programs. </li><li><a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/mass_storage.html"><b>mass storage</b></a> <b> <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/device.html">device </a></b> <b>:</b> Allows a computer to permanently retain large amounts of data. Common mass storage devices include <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/disk_drive.html">disk drives</a> and <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/tape_drive.html">tape drives</a>. </li><li><a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/input_device.html"><b>input device</b></a> <b>:</b> Usually a <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/keyboard.html">keyboard</a> and <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/mouse.html">mouse</a>, the input device is the conduit through which data and instructions enter a computer. </li><li><a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/output_device.html"><b>output device</b></a> <b>:</b> A <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/display_screen.html">display screen</a>, <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/printer.html">printer</a>, or other device that lets you see what the computer has accomplished. </li><li><a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/CPU.html"><b>central processing unit</b></a> <b> (CPU):</b> The heart of the computer, this is the component that actually executes instructions. </li></menu> <p> In addition to these components, many others make it possible for the basic components to work together efficiently. For example, every computer requires a <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/bus.html">bus</a> that transmits data from one part of the computer to another. </p><p> Computers can be generally classified by size and power as follows, though there is considerable overlap: </p><menu> <li><a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/personal_computer.html"><b>personal computer</b></a> <b>:</b> A small, single-<a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/user.html">user</a> computer based on a <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/microprocessor.html">microprocessor</a>. In addition to the microprocessor, a personal computer has a keyboard for entering data, a <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/monitor.html">monitor</a> for displaying information, and a <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/storage_device.html">storage device</a> for <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/save.html">saving</a> data. </li><li><a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/workstation.html"><b>workstation</b></a> <b>:</b> A powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a personal computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor. </li><li><a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/minicomputer.html"><b>minicomputer</b></a> <b>:</b> A <a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/multi_user.html">multi-user</a> computer capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds of users simultaneously. </li><li><a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/mainframe.html"><b>mainframe</b></a> <b>:</b> A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously. </li><li><a href="http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/supercomputer.html"><b>supercomputer</b></a> <b>:</b> An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second. </li></menu>CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-89596254876086948982010-02-28T19:34:00.000-08:002010-02-28T19:40:56.785-08:00Security Measures<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; 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mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l7:level2 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:1.0in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-size:85%;">There are 6 types of security measures which are :
<br />1. Data backup
<br />2. Cryptography
<br />3. Antivirus
<br />4. Anti-Spyware
<br />5. Firewall
<br />6. Human aspects.</span>
<br />
<br /><!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--></span></i><span style="font-size:85%;">Data backup<u5:p></u5:p></span></b><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Data backup is a program of file duplication. Backups of data applications are necessary so that they can be recovered in case of an emergency.Depending on the importance of the information, daily, weekly or biweekly backups from a hard disk can be performed<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <u6:worddocument> <u6:view>Normal</u6:View> <u6:zoom>0</u6:Zoom> <u6:punctuationkerning/> <u6:validateagainstschemas/> <u6:saveifxmlinvalid>false</u6:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <u6:ignoremixedcontent>false</u6:IgnoreMixedContent> <u6:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</u6:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <u6:compatibility> <u6:breakwrappedtables/> <u6:snaptogridincell/> <u6:wraptextwithpunct/> <u6:useasianbreakrules/> <u6:dontgrowautofit/> </u6:Compatibility> <u6:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</u6:BrowserLevel> </u6:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <u7:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </u7:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>
<br /></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Cryptography</b></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Cryptography is a process of hiding information by altering the actual information into differentrepresentation. Almost all cryptosystem depend on a key such as a password like the numbers or a phase that can be used to encrypt or decrypt a message. The traditional type of cryptosystem used on a computer network is called a symmetric secret key system. With this approach, the sender and the recipient use the same key, and they have to keep the share key a secret from anyone else.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /><b style=""><u5:p></u5:p>Antivirus<o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">User should install an Antivirus program and update it frequently.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">An Antivirus program protects a computer against viruses by identifying and removing any computer viruses found in the computer memory, on storage media or incoming e-mail files.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Identifying virus:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">v<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Two techniques are use to identify the virus:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">a)<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Virus signature – also called a virus definition. It is a specific pattern of the virus code.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">b)<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Inoculating a program file – the Antivirus program records information such as the file size and file creation date in a separate inculcation file. The Antivirus program then uses this information to detect if a virus tampers with the data describing the inoculated program file.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">v<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">If an Antivirus program identifies an infected file, it attempts to remove its virus, worm or Trojan horse. If the Antivirus program cannot remove the infection, it often quarantines the infected file. Quarantine is a separate area of a hard disk that holds the infected file until the infection can be removed. This step ensures other files will not become infected.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style="">
<br /></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style="">Antispyware<o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Spyware is a program placed on a computer without the user’s knowledge. It secretly collects information about the user. The Spyware program communicates information to the outside source. An Anti-Spyware application program sometimes called tracking for threat or a Spybot is used to remove Spyware.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Among the popular Anti-Spyware programs are:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">a.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Spybot Search and destroy<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">b.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Ad-aware<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">c.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Spyware Blaster<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style="">
<br /></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style="">Firewall<o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Firewall is a piece of hardware or software which functions in a networked environment to prevent some communications forbidden by the security policy.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">The purpose of a firewall is to keep bad thing outside a protected firewall implement a security policy. It might permit limited access from in or outside the network perimeters or from certain users or for certain activity.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">There are three types of firewall<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">a.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Screening routers<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style=""><span style=";font-family:";" > </span>i.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Simplest<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style=""><span style=";font-family:";" > </span>ii.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Sees only addresses and service protocol type<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style=""><span style=";font-family:";" > </span>iii.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Screen based on connection rules.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">b.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Proxy gateway<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">v<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Complex<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">v<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Sees full text of communication<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">v<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Screen based on behaviour proxies<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">c.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Guard<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">v<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Most complex<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">v<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Sees full text of communication<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">v<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Screens based on interpretation of message content.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style="">
<br /></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style="">Human Aspect<o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Human aspects refer to the user and also the intruder of a computer system.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">It is one of the hardest aspects to give protection to. The most common problem is the lack of achieving a good information security procedure. There are three ways to protect computer from human aspect threat:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">a.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Organisation Self Awareness<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style=""><span style=";font-family:";" > </span>i.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Organisations need to be aware of the people they work with.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style=""><span style=";font-family:";" > </span>ii.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Some threat also come from within the organization and not just from the outside.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">b.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Organisational User Self Awareness<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">v<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Provide employee with adequate training and the importance of security and control.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">v<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Even a very high-tech protection system could<span style=""> </span>not protect the system against incompetent users.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">c.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Individual User Self Awareness<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">v<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Threat often comes in beautiful offers and packages.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">v<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Do not download or install software from unreliable sources.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">v<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Do not expose important information to strangers.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-13892740728002043562010-02-28T19:32:00.000-08:002010-02-28T19:33:28.458-08:00Hacker & Theft<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Arial Narrow"; 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text-indent:-.25in;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:";" >Hacker<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><span style="">1.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Hacking is a source of threat to security in computer. It is defined as unauthorized access to the computer system by a hacker.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><span style="">2.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Hackers are persons who learn about the computer systems in detail. They wrote program referred to as hacks. Hackers may use a modem or cable to hack the targeted computers.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><span style="">3.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Kevin Mitnick is the most notorious hacker ever caught.<span style=""> </span>He had stolen millions of dollars worth of software and credit card information on the net. He used new identities and cleverly concealed his locations. He spent 5 years in jail for his hacking activity.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Arial Narrow"; panose-1:2 11 6 6 2 2 2 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:647 2048 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:1135106304; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:858556374 193126038 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l0:level2 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-tab-stop:1.0in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l1 {mso-list-id:1162891973; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:457076282 67698713 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l1:level1 {mso-level-number-format:alpha-lower; mso-level-text:"%1\)"; mso-level-tab-stop:39.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:39.0pt; text-indent:-21.0pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:";" >Theft<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <ol style="margin-top: 0in;" start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Two types of computer theft:<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><span style="">a.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Computer is used to steal money, goods, information and resources.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><span style="">b.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Actual stealing of computer, especially notebook and PDA. (This type of stealing causes loss of the expensive item and also the valuable information.)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <ol style="margin-top: 0in;" start="2" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Three approaches to prevent theft<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><span style="">a)<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Prevent access by using locks, smart card application and password activation<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><span style="">b)<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Prevent portability of your computer by restricting all hardware from physically being moved to other places.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><span style="">c)<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Detect and guard all exits and record any hardware (such as disk or CD) before being transported<o:p></o:p></span></p> <span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><o:p></o:p></span><p></p> CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-40172440182522830002010-02-28T19:31:00.000-08:002010-02-28T19:32:21.135-08:00DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WORM & VIRUS<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Arial Narrow"; panose-1:2 11 6 6 2 2 2 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:647 2048 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} table.MsoTableGrid {mso-style-name:"Table Grid"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border: medium none ; width: 225pt; margin-left: 0.2in; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="300"> <tbody><tr style="height: 11.6pt;"> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt; height: 11.6pt;" valign="top" width="156"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:";" >Worm<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in; height: 11.6pt;color:windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:";" >Virus<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 58.85pt;"> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt; height: 58.85pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;" valign="top" width="156"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Operates through the network.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in; height: 58.85pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Spreads through any medium. (Usually copied programs or data files)<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 48pt;"> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 117pt; height: 48pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;" valign="top" width="156"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Spreads copies of itself as a standalone program.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in; height: 48pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="144"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Spread copies of itself as a program that attaches to other program.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-11986538385324634012010-02-28T19:15:00.000-08:002010-02-28T19:18:50.924-08:00Security Threats<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Arial Narrow"; panose-1:2 11 6 6 2 2 2 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:647 2048 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:2064475427; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:447908550 648191256 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l0:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:1.0in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l0:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:1.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" ><span style="font-size:85%;">Malicious code</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <ol style="margin-top: 0in;" start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Malicious code is also known as a rouge program. It is a threat to computing assets by causing undesired effects in the programmer’s part. The effect is caused by an agent, with the intention to cause damage.</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >The agent for malicious code is the writer of the code or any person who causes its distributions. </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >There are various kinds of malicious code. They include :</span></li></ol><span style="font-size:85%;">
<br />a. Virus
<br />b. Trojan Horse
<br />c. Logic Bomb
<br />d. Trapdoor / Backdoor
<br />e. Worm
<br />
<br /></span><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Arial Narrow"; panose-1:2 11 6 6 2 2 2 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:647 2048 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:2064475427; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:447908550 648191256 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l0:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:1.0in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l0:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:1.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><span style="">o<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:";" >virus <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">§<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Virus is a program that can pass on the malicious code to other non-infected programs by modifying them.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">§<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >To infect a computer, the virus needs to attaches itself to the program, usually files with .doc (document), .xls (spread sheet), .exe (executable file) extensions.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">§<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >It will then destroy or co-exists with the program.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">§<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Once the infected file is open, the virus will copy itself into that particular system and perform its functions.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">§<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Eventually, it can overtake the entire computing system and spread to other connected systems.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /></span></p> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Arial Narrow"; panose-1:2 11 6 6 2 2 2 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:647 2048 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:2064475427; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:447908550 648191256 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l0:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:1.0in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l0:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:1.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><span style="">o<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:";" >Trojan Horse<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">§<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >A program which can perform useful but unexpected actions.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">§<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Must be installed by users or intruders before it can affect the system’s assets.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">§<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >An example of a Trojan horse is the login script that request for users’ login ID and password.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">§<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" ><span style="font-size:85%;">The user will then successfully pass the login process, but the Trojan horse will keep a copy of the information to be use for malicious purposes</span>.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Arial Narrow"; panose-1:2 11 6 6 2 2 2 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:647 2048 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:2064475427; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:447908550 648191256 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l0:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:1.0in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l0:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:1.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><span style="">o<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:";" >Logic bomb<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">§<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Logic bomb is a malicious code that goes off when a specific condition occurs.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">§<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" ><span style="font-size:85%;">An example of a logic bomb is the time bomb</span></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" ><span style="font-size:85%;">. It goes off and causes threats at a specified time or date.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"></p><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Arial Narrow"; panose-1:2 11 6 6 2 2 2 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:647 2048 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:2064475427; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:447908550 648191256 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l0:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:1.0in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l0:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:1.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><span style="">o<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:";" >Trapdoor or backdoor<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">§<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" ><span style="font-size:85%;">A feature in a program that </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >allows someone to access the program and use it with special privileges.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><b style=""><o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Arial Narrow"; panose-1:2 11 6 6 2 2 2 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:647 2048 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:2064475427; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:447908550 648191256 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} @list l0:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:1.0in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l0:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:1.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Wingdings;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><span style="">o<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:";" >Worm<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">§<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >A program that copies and spreads itself through a network.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style=";font-family:Wingdings;font-size:85%;" ><span style="">§<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Primary differences between worms and viruses.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /></span>
<br />CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-16955531862073471092010-02-28T19:11:00.000-08:002010-02-28T19:15:02.493-08:00Computer Security<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:2064475427; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:447908550 648191256 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Definition of computer security</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <ol style="margin-top: 0in;" start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Computer security means protecting our computer systems and the information they contain against unwanted access, damage, destruction or</span> <span style="font-size:85%;">modification.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-size:85%;">We need to protect our computer from any intruder such as hackers, crackers and script kiddies.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-size:85%;">We do not want strangers to read our email, use our computer to</span> <span style="font-size:85%;">attack other systems, send forged e-mail from our computer, or examine personal information stored on our computer such as financial statements.</span></span></span></li></ol>
<br /><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" ><span style="font-size:85%;">Types of computer security :
<br />
<br />1. Hardware Security
<br />2. Software Security
<br />3. Network Security</span></span></b></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style="">
<br />
<br />Hardware security<o:p></o:p></b></span> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">1.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Hardware security refers to security measures used to protect the hardware specifically the computer and its related documents.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">2.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><span style="font-size:85%;">The examples of security measures used to protect the hardware include PC-locks, keyboard-lock, smart cards and biometric devices.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">3.<span style=";font-family:";" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;">Besides these Cyber Laws, there are three other Cyber Laws being drafted<o:p></o:p></span></p> <span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /></span><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:1135106304; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:858556374 193126038 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style="">Software and data security<o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <ol style="margin-top: 0in;" start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Software and data security refers to the security measures used to protect the software and the loss of data files.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Examples of security measures used to protect the software are activation code and serial number.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">An example of security measure used to protect the loss of data files is the disaster recovery plan method.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">The idea of this plan is to stored data, program and other important documents in a safe place that will not be affected by any major destruction.</span></li></ol><span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /></span><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:746419495; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1192661916 193126038 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715 67698703 67698713 67698715;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style="">Network security<o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <ol style="margin-top: 0in;" start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">The transfer of data through network has become a common practice and the need to implement network security has become significant.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Network security refers to security measures used to protect the network system.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;">One example of network security measures is firewall. With firewall, network resources can be protected from the outsiders.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ol> <span style="font-size:85%;">
<br />
<br /></span> CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-5051712266711973352010-02-13T07:01:00.000-08:002010-02-13T07:03:13.445-08:00Example of Ethics and Law breaking<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link rel="colorSchemeMapping" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> 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mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Unethical:</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >1. using the office computer to do personal things<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >2. reading your friend’s e-mail without his or her permission<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >3. plagiarising and using materials from the Internet for your class assignment without giving credit to the original author.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Law breaking:</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >1. sending a computer virus via e-mail<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >2. hacking into your school’s database to change your examination results.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >3. selling pirated software in a night market<o:p></o:p></span></p> CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-58589508118366072802010-02-13T06:57:00.000-08:002010-02-13T06:59:19.476-08:00DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ETHICS AND LAWS<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; 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mso-bidi-language:#0400;} table.MsoTableGrid {mso-style-name:"Table Grid"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border: medium none ; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style=""> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 478.45pt;" valign="top" width="638"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:16pt;" >ETHICS<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.2pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">GUIDELINE<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.25pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">As a guideline to computer users.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.2pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">MORAL STANDARDS<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.25pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ethical behaviour is judged by moral standards.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.2pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:stockticker st="on"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">FREE</span></st1:stockticker><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> TO FOLLOW<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.25pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Computer users are free to follow or ignore the code of ethics.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.2pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">NO PUNISHMENTS<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.25pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">No punishment for anyone who <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">violates ethics.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.2pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">UNIVERSALS<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.25pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Universal, can be applied anywhere, <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">all over the world.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.2pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PRODUCE ETHICAL COMPUTER USERS<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.25pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To produce ethical computer users.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.2pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">IMMORAL<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.25pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Not honouring computer ethics means ignoring the moral elements (immoral).<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table>
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<br /><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="stockticker"></o:smarttagtype><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Verdana; 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mso-bidi-language:#0400;} table.MsoTableGrid {mso-style-name:"Table Grid"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border: medium none ; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style=""> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 478.45pt;" valign="top" width="638"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:16pt;" >LAW<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.2pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CONTROL<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.25pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">As a rule to control computer users.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.2pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">JUDICIAL STANDARDS<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.25pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Law is judged by judicial standards.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.2pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">MUST FOLLOW<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.25pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Computer users must follow the regulations and law.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.2pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PENALTIES, IMPRISONMENTS<span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:stockticker st="on"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">AND</span></st1:stockticker><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> OTHER PUNISHMENTS<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.25pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Penalties, imprisonments and other <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">punishments for those who break the law.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.2pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">DEPENDS ON COUNTRY<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.25pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Depends on country and state where <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the crime is committed.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.2pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PREVENT MISUSING OF COMPUTERS<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.25pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To prevent misuse of computers.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.2pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">CRIME<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.25pt;color:-moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="319"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Not honouring the law means <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">committing a crime.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table>
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<br />CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-47402195263837027872010-02-13T06:56:00.000-08:002010-02-13T06:57:27.085-08:00WHY DO WE NEED ETHICS AND LAW IN COMPUTING?<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="stockticker"></o:smarttagtype></span><link rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link rel="colorSchemeMapping" 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Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:";" >RESPECTING OWNERSHIP<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >We must respect ownership by not stealing other people’s work either by duplicating or distributing it. Duplicating and distributing copies of audio tapes, video tapes and computer programs without permission and authorisation from the individual or company that created the program are immoral and illegal.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p></o:p><b style=""><span style=";font-family:";" >RESPECTING PRIVACY <st1:stockticker st="on">AND</st1:stockticker> CONFIDENTIALITY<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >We should respect other people's privacy and confidentiality by refraining ourselves from reading their mails or files without their permission. If we do so, it is considered as violating an individual’s rights to privacy and confidentiality.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style=";font-family:";" >RESPECTING PROPERTY<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Property here means ownership. Since an individual data and information are considered as property, therefore, an act of tampering and changing electronic information is considered as vandalism and disrespect for other people’s property.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-45206412187953511352010-02-13T06:55:00.001-08:002010-02-13T06:55:44.439-08:00Computer Law<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="Edit-Time-Data" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CCAKCIBOR%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso"><!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"></o:smarttagtype></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Verdana; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1593833729 1073750107 16 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults ext="edit" spidmax="1027"> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout ext="edit"> <o:idmap ext="edit" data="1"> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Law is a legal system comprising of rules and principles that govern the affairs of a community and controlled by a political authority. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" spt="75" preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"> </v:formulas> <v:path extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" connecttype="rect"> <o:lock ext="edit" aspectratio="t"> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style="'position:absolute;" wrapcoords="-138 0 -138 21426 21600 21426 21600 0 -138 0"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\CAKCIBOR\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.jpg" title="pic3" grayscale="t"> <w:wrap type="through"> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Law differs from one country to another. In the era of technology, computer law is needed to clarify goods or actions that fall under the computer law. Computer law refers to all areas in law that requires an understanding of computer technology such as hardware, software and Internet.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Examples of laws of computing in <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Malaysia</st1:country-region></st1:place> include the Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Act, the Computer Crime Act 1997 and the Telemedicine Act 1997.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8303480382534904647.post-51494847932890677982010-02-13T06:51:00.001-08:002010-02-13T06:51:57.690-08:00The Ten commandments of computer ethicsThe United States Institute of Computer Ethics has come out with the Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics. These principles consider the effective code of conducts for the proper use of information technology. The Ten commandments of computer ethics are :<br /><br />1. You shall not use a computer to harm other people.<br />2. You shall not interfere with other people's computer work.<br />3. You shall not snoop around in other people's computer files.<br />4. You shall not use a computer to steal.<br />5. You shall not use a computer to bear false witness.<br />6. You shall not copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid.<br />7. You shall not use other people's computer resources without authorisation or proper compensation.<br />8. You shall not appropriate other people's intellectual output.<br />9. You shall think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing.<br />10. You shall always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration and respect for your fellow humans.CIKGU SHAHRULhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18292373397181301301noreply@blogger.com0